Investigating the robustness of the intraseasonal see-saw in the Indo-Pacific barotropic sea level across models     

Afroosa  M.  Rohith  B.  Paul  Arya  Durand  Fabien  Bourdallé-Badie  Romain  Joseph  Sudheer  Prerna  S.  Shenoi  S. S. C. 《Ocean Dynamics》2022,72(7):523-538

Ocean Dynamics - An intraseasonal see-saw has been observed in the Indo-Pacific barotropic sea level anomaly during boreal winters. This see-saw carries a significant amount of energy and is...  相似文献   

Is a regional flood signal reproducible from lake sediments?          下载免费PDF全文

Bruno Wilhelm  Pierre Sabatier  Fabien Arnaud 《Sedimentology》2015,62(4):1103-1117

The evolution of flood activity with global warming remains uncertain. To better assess flood–climate relationships, lake sediments are increasingly being investigated because they could provide regional flood histories long enough to cover past climate changes. However, site‐specific sedimentary processes may bias flood reconstructions. The aim of this article is to investigate these effects through the reconstruction of two distinct flood records from independent, neighbouring sedimentary basins of the same lake (Lake Allos in the Mediterranean French Alps), i.e. under the same climate conditions. Understanding of sedimentary processes is crucial in order to adapt the sampling strategy and the flood‐intensity proxy to each sedimentary system and, thereby, reconstruct a complete and reliable flood history. Thanks to this detailed approach, the main trends of the regional flood variability can be reproduced; i.e. periods of high flood‐frequency, ranges of flood‐frequency values and timing of the most intense events. In detail, some differences appeared associated to the various stream capacities to erode and transport flood sediments to the lake system, implying variable sensitivity of sedimentary systems in recording floods. Comparing regional flood records based on independent sedimentary systems from similar environments could thus be a complementary approach to assessing past flood intensity. Such an approach could open particularly interesting perspectives because reconstructing the long‐term evolution of flood intensity is a key challenge in the geosciences.  相似文献   

Partial ages: diagnosing transport processes by means of multiple clocks     

Anne Mouchet  Fabien Cornaton  Éric Deleersnijder  Éric J. M. Delhez 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(3):367-386

The concept of age is widely used to quantify the transport rate of tracers - or pollutants - in the environment. The age focuses only on the time taken to reach a given location and disregards other aspects of the path followed by the tracer parcel. To keep track of the subregions visited by the tracer parcel along this path, partial ages are defined as the time spent in the different subregions. Partial ages can be computed in an Eulerian framework in much the same way as the usual age by extending the Constituent oriented Age and Residence Time theory (CART, www.climate.be/CART). In addition to the derivation of theoretical results and properties of partial ages, applications to a 1D model with lateral/transient storage, to the 1D advection-diffusion equation and to the diagnosis of the ventilation of the deep ocean are provided. They demonstrate the versatility of the concept of partial age and the potential new insights that can be gained with it.  相似文献   

The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Martha M. Bakker  Gerard Govers  Anne van Doorn  Fabien Quetier  Dimitris Chouvardas  Mark Rounsevell 《Geomorphology》2008,98(3-4):213

The response of erosion and sediment export to past land-use change has been studied in four agricultural areas of Europe. Three of these areas were subject to land abandonment or de-intensification and one to intensification of land-use practices. Erosion and sediment yield were modeled using the WaTEM/SEDEM model, which combines the RUSLE equation with a sediment routing algorithm. Spatial relationships between the RUSLE C-factor (i.e. land-use) and other erosion and sediment export-determining factors (slope, soil erodibility and distance to rivers) were investigated, as these account for non-linearity in the response of erosion and sediment export to land-use change.Erosion and sediment export have decreased enormously in the de-intensified areas, but slightly increased in the intensively cultivated area. The spatial pattern of land-use change in relation to other erosion and sediment export-determining factors appears to have a large impact on the response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change. That the drivers of abandonment of arable land and erosion coincide indicates that de-intensification leads to a more favourable landscape pattern with respect to reduction of erosion and sediment export. This mechanism applies not only within the study areas, but also among the European study areas where the process of intensification of some areas and de-intensification of others might result in an overall decrease of erosion and sediment yield through time.  相似文献   

Truncated plurigaussian simulations to characterize aquifer heterogeneity   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Mariethoz G  Renard P  Cornaton F  Jaquet O 《Ground water》2009,47(1):13-24

Integrating geological concepts, such as relative positions and proportions of the different lithofacies, is of highest importance in order to render realistic geological patterns. The truncated plurigaussian simulation method provides a way of using both local and conceptual geological information to infer the distributions of the facies and then those of hydraulic parameters. The method ( Le Loc'h and Galli 1994 ) is based on the idea of truncating at least two underlying multi-Gaussian simulations in order to create maps of categorical variable. In this article, we show how this technique can be used to assess contaminant migration in highly heterogeneous media. We illustrate its application on the biggest contaminated site of Switzerland. It consists of a contaminant plume located in the lower fresh water Molasse on the western Swiss Plateau. The highly heterogeneous character of this formation calls for efficient stochastic methods in order to characterize transport processes.  相似文献   

Channel Representation in Physically Based Models Coupling Groundwater and Surface Water: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them     

Daniel Käser  Tobias Graf  Fabien Cochand  Rob McLaren  René Therrien  Philip Brunner 《Ground water》2014,52(6):827-836

Recent models that couple three‐dimensional subsurface flow with two‐dimensional overland flow are valuable tools for quantifying complex groundwater/stream interactions and for evaluating their influence on watershed processes. For the modeler who is used to defining streams as a boundary condition, the representation of channels in integrated models raises a number of conceptual and technical issues. These models are far more sensitive to channel topography than conventional groundwater models. On all spatial scales, both the topography of a channel and its connection with the floodplain are important. For example, the geometry of river banks influences bank storage and overbank flooding; the slope of the river is a primary control on the behavior of a catchment; and at the finer scale bedform characteristics affect hyporheic exchange. Accurate data on streambed topography, however, are seldom available, and the spatial resolution of digital elevation models is typically too coarse in river environments, resulting in unrealistic or undulating streambeds. Modelers therefore perform some kind of manual yet often cumbersome correction to the available topography. In this context, the paper identifies some common pitfalls, and provides guidance to overcome these. Both aspects of topographic representation and mesh discretization are addressed. Additionally, two tutorials are provided to illustrate: (1) the interpolation of channel cross‐sectional data and (2) the refinement of a mesh along a stream in areas of high topographic variability.  相似文献   

A reactive transport simulator for variable porosity problems     

Fabien Georget  Jean H. Prévost  Bruno Huet 《Computational Geosciences》2017,21(1):95-116

ReactMiCP, a new reactive transport simulator was developed based on the semismooth speciation solver SpecMiCP. Its main feature is a sequential iterative operator splitting algorithm where macroscopic model parameters are explicitly included in the formulation. Its correctness, robustness, and efficiency are tested against the MoMaS benchmark and two sets of cement paste lab experiments. We show that a robust speciation solver is a key requirement for good performance of the reactive transport simulator. We also demonstrate that a sequential iterative solver should be preferred over non-iterative solvers when using operator splitting. The flexibility and the speed of the simulator are used to test the influence of the database, the initial condition, and the diffusion coefficient model for the cement paste simulations.  相似文献   

Sedimentological and geochemical records of past trophic state and hypolimnetic anoxia in large,hard-water Lake Bourget,French Alps     

Charline Giguet-Covex  Fabien Arnaud  Jérôme Poulenard  Dirk Enters  Jean-Louis Reyss  Laurent Millet  Jérome Lazzaroto  Olivier Vidal 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(1):171-190

Sedimentological, geochemical and particle-size analyses were used to reconstruct the evolution of both trophic state and hypolimnetic anoxia in Lake Bourget (French Alps) during the last century. Radionuclide dating (²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs and ²⁴¹Am) confirmed the annual rhythm of laminations in the upper sediment profile. In Lake Bourget, biochemical varves are triplets composed of a diatom layer (spring lamina), a bio-precipitated calcite-rich layer (spring/summer lamina), and a layer rich in organic matter and detrital particles (winter lamina). The onset of eutrophication and the first appearance of an anoxic facies occurred simultaneously and were dated by laminae counting to AD 1943±1 year. Persistent anoxic conditions began in AD 1960. Eutrophication is characterised by drastic increases in the flux of biogenic silica (mostly diatoms), lacustrine organic matter, and larger calcite crystals (15–30 μm). The increase of organic matter also represents a marker of the onset of anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Our results show that eutrophication was the main factor controlling anoxia in the hypolimnion. This eutrophication was caused mostly by the inflow of untreated sewage effluents, and to a lesser extent, by input of fertilizer-derived phosphorus during floods of the Rhone River and run-off from the lake catchment. The Rhone River, however, can also be a source of re-oxygenation via underflows that originate during flood events. Oxygenation of the hypolimnion is also controlled by low winter temperatures, which enable turnover of the lake. Thus, global warming, associated with a forecasted reduction in precipitation, might reduce the efficiency of hypolimnetic re-oxygenation in Lake Bourget.  相似文献   

Geostationary secular dynamics revisited: application to high area-to-mass ratio objects     

Fabien Gachet  Alessandra Celletti  Giuseppe Pucacco  Christos Efthymiopoulos 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2017,128(2-3):149-181

The long-term dynamics of the geostationary Earth orbits (GEO) is revisited through the application of canonical perturbation theory. We consider a Hamiltonian model accounting for all major perturbations: geopotential at order and degree two, lunisolar perturbations with a realistic model for the Sun and Moon orbits, and solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamics of the GEO region has been studied both numerically and analytically, in view of the relevance of such studies to the issue of space debris or to the disposal of GEO satellites. Past studies focused on the orbital evolution of objects around a nominal solution, hereafter called the forced equilibrium solution, which shows a particularly strong dependence on the area-to-mass ratio. Here, we (i) give theoretical estimates for the long-term behavior of such orbits, and (ii) we examine the nature of the forced equilibrium itself. In the lowest approximation, the forced equilibrium implies motion with a constant non-zero average ‘forced eccentricity’, as well as a constant non-zero average inclination, otherwise known in satellite dynamics as the inclination of the invariant ‘Laplace plane’. Using a higher order normal form, we demonstrate that this equilibrium actually represents not a point in phase space, but a trajectory taking place on a lower-dimensional torus. We give analytical expressions for this special trajectory, and we compare our results to those found by numerical orbit propagation. We finally discuss the use of proper elements, i.e., approximate integrals of motion for the GEO orbits.  相似文献   

New cranial remains of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Fox-Amphoux-Métisson (Var,SE France)     

Verónica Díez Díaz  Géraldine Garcia  Fabien Knoll  Xabier Pereda Suberbiola  Xavier Valentin 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2012,123(4):626-637

The Fox-Amphoux Syncline of the Aix Basin (SE France) has yielded a diverse Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage, including several taxa of dinosaurs. Here, we report on cranial material of titanosaurian sauropods, which consist of a partial braincase, two fragmentary skull roofs, and nine teeth, from the Métisson locality (Var Department). The braincase differs from those found previously in Europe (i.e., Ampelosaurus atacis, Lirainosaurus astibiae, and an unnamed juvenile skull from Romania) as well as from other titanosaurian braincases in having a groove that extends along the ventral surface of the occipital condyle neck (this feature may be autapomorphic). One of the fragmentary skull roofs may belong to the same taxon, whereas the other suggests the presence of a second titanosaur at Métisson very close to Ampelosaurus. Two dental morphologies are present in the sample; one of them includes teeth of different sizes. We suggest that this could be accounted for by age differences within a single taxon, or be due to different positions in the tooth row. The presence of a new, still unnamed titanosaurian taxon in the Ibero-Armorican Island supports previous works indicating a high titanosaurian diversity during the Campanian-Maastrichtian in southern Europe.  相似文献